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'Did you know that the Underground Railroad was not really a railroad?',
'Did you know that slaves were not allowed to join the Union Army when the Civil War started?',
'Did you know that Harlem in New York City was once known as "the capital of black America"?',
'Did you know that even after the Civil War ended, African Americans were still not allowed to vote?',
'Did you know that a slave filed a lawsuit to win freedom for himself and his family?',
'Did you know that an African American attorney helped end racial segregation in public schools?',
'Did you know that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.\'s wife took part in a bus boycott?',
'Did you know that an African American anthropologist wrote the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God?',
'Did you know that a blind African American singer won a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award?',
'Did you know that "The First Lady of Song" sold more than 40 million albums in her lifetime?',
'Did you know that the first Best Actor Oscar awarded to an African American was for a role in Lilies of the Field?',
'Did you know that a movie soundtrack about an African American singer\'s life went double platinum in the U.S.?',
'Did you know that a famous African American baseball player took part in 24 All-Star Games?',
'Did you know that the first African American to win an Olympic medal in an individual gymnastics event was a woman?'
];
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'From the 1600s until slavery ended in 1865, at least 10 million Africans were forced to come to America as slaves. Most of them worked in the cotton fields. They were often beaten and taken away from their families. Many began to escape to the North. More than 50,000 runaway slaves were helped by thousands of people in what was called the "Underground Railroad"--a system of safe places, such as homes, barns or churches, called "stations"--where slaves were given shelter, food and money. "Conductors" were people who helped slaves along the route.',
'The Civil War started in 1861 when 11 southern states calling themselves the Confederate States of America separated from the Union. Black slaves and freedmen wanted to join the Union Army to prove how valuable they were to the nation, but it wasn\'t until the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 that all-black units were formed. These were called United States Colored Troops. Only 10 percent of the entire Union Army was black, but about one-third of blacks in the army died. The war ended in 1865.',
'From the end of World War I in 1918 to the middle of the Great Depression in the 1930s, many blacks who traveled from the rural south to the urban north settled in Harlem in New York City. Among them were gifted black poets, writers, artists, musicians (jazz, spiritual, blues) and social activists who made their talents, voices and ideas heard. For the first time, the people who settled in Harlem had more opportunities for jobs and education, and soon became the first black middle class in America. Between 1900 and 1920 the number of blacks in Harlem doubled, making this area known as "the Black Mecca" and "the capital of black America."',
'The end of the Civil War in 1865 and the end of slavery did not give African Americans their full civil rights. The Ku Klux Klan was formed in 1866. Blacks were banned from voting, using public facilities and going to white schools. Laws were later passed against segregation, but only after many race riots, Freedom Rides and sit-ins took place. City bus segregation was declared unconstitutional after Rosa Parks refused to sit at the back of a bus in 1955. In 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the march on Washington.',
'Dred Scott, born into slavery in Virginia, tried unsuccessfully to buy freedom for himself and his family, and later filed a lawsuit. While the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against him, it helped the anti-slavery movement by leading to the election of Abraham Lincoln. Soon after the ruling, he was emancipated.',
'Thurgood Marshall, born in Maryland, was the first African American member of the Supreme Court of the United States. Before becoming a judge, he successfully argued the U.S. Supreme Court case in which racial segregation in American public schools was declared unconstitutional.',
'Coretta Scott King, born in Alabama, was the wife of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., took part in the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, and worked to pass the 1964 Civil Rights Act. After her husband was assassinated in 1968, she founded the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, Georgia.',
'Zora Neale Hurston, born in Alabama, was a well-educated novelist, anthropologist and folklorist. She is best known for her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), which celebrated the lives of African Americans, and was a major influence on African American writers, such as Toni Morrison and Alice Walker.',
'Ray Charles, born in Georgia, was a blind singer, composer and leading entertainer. His 1959 hit record "What\'d I Say" led the rhythm and blues charts and was his first million-seller. He won many national and international awards, including several Grammy Awards and a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1987.',
'Ella Fitzgerald, born in Virginia, made her singing debut at Harlem\'s Apollo Theater at age 17. Known as "The First Lady of Song," she was the most popular American female jazz singer for over 50 years, won 13 Grammy Awards, and sold more than 40 million albums in her lifetime.',
'Sidney Poitier, born in Florida, is an actor and director who made his Hollywood debut in 1950. He won an Oscar for his role in Lilies of the Field--making him the first African American to win an Academy Award as best actor. He became a superstar who defied racial stereotyping in all his roles. In 2002, he also received an honorary Oscar.',
'Tina Turner, born in Tennessee, was first known as part of a dynamic rhythm and blues duo with husband Ike Turner. Later, her solo album Private Dancer won four Grammy Awards and sold more than 20 million copies worldwide. Her soundtrack for the motion picture biography based on her life, "What\'s Love Got to Do With It," went double platinum in the U.S. She continues to tour and perform.',
'Willie Mays, born in Alabama, is a professional baseball player who is considered by many to be one of the best all-around players in the history of baseball. He led the National League in home runs in 1955, 1962 and 1964-65; won 12 consecutive Gold Gloves from 1957 to 1968, and played in 24 All-Star Games.',
'Dominique Dawes, born in Maryland, is the first African American to win an Olympic medal in an individual gymnastics event. A member of the 1996 gold medal-winning U.S. Women\'s Gymnastic Team, "Awesome Dawesome" won a bronze medal in the floor exercise. She has also won more National Championship medals than any other athlete since 1963.'
];
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